AST Surgical Technologist Practice Exam

Which sterilization method uses an autoclave to achieve its effects?

1. Chemical sterilization

2. Radiation sterilization

3. Steam sterilization

4. Dry heat sterilization

The correct answer is: Steam sterilization

Steam sterilization is the correct answer because it specifically utilizes an autoclave, which is a device that employs high-pressure steam to eradicate all forms of microbial life, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. The process relies on the combination of heat and moisture to achieve sterilization. The conditions within an autoclave generally include a temperature of at least 121 degrees Celsius (250 degrees Fahrenheit) maintained for a specific duration, allowing it to effectively penetrate materials and ensure that they are sterile. Chemical sterilization, on the other hand, involves the use of chemical agents to achieve sterilization, rather than the application of heat and steam. Radiation sterilization uses ionizing radiation to kill or inactivate microorganisms, which is a different mechanism from steam sterilization. Dry heat sterilization employs high temperatures without moisture, which means it does not utilize steam and requires longer exposure times compared to steam sterilization. Thus, steam sterilization is specifically characterized by its use of an autoclave to produce the necessary conditions for effective sterilization.